diff --git a/FEATURES.md b/FEATURES.md
index 24583ce..628ca43 100644
--- a/FEATURES.md
+++ b/FEATURES.md
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 
 ### 工作管理、长期协作与工作流
 
-- [x] **任务、活动与成果**：集中管理任务状态、审计活动和成果文件；Token 用量按 OpenAI 兼容与 Anthropic Messages 的不同上报口径归一化展示缓存命中率；活动按会话分组并默认收起，避免长历史占满页面。
+- [x] **任务、活动与成果**：集中管理任务状态、审计活动和成果文件；Token 用量按 Runtime 与模型归类，并针对 OpenAI 兼容与 Anthropic Messages 的不同上报口径归一化展示缓存命中率；活动按会话分组并默认收起，避免长历史占满页面。
 - [x] **记忆与智能心跳**：提供周期回顾、建议记忆、洞察、后续任务和可审计运行轨迹。
 - [ ] **批量运行与对比实验室**（规划中）：对模型、Prompt、角色和工作流配置执行批量对比，汇总质量、耗时、Token、费用、失败率和成果差异。
 - [ ] **时态记忆与事实冲突检测**（规划中）：为记忆和知识图谱增加有效期、当前事实、过期与矛盾检测、事实核验及证据回溯。
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.test.tsx b/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.test.tsx
index eacae6f..dac866b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.test.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.test.tsx
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ describe('ActivityPanel', () => {
     expect(within(stats).getByText('32%')).toBeInTheDocument()
 
     const projectRow = screen.getByRole('row', {
-      name: '项目甲gpt-5 · openai 100 20 10 40 40% 120'
+      name: '项目甲直连模型 · gpt-5 100 20 10 40 40% 120'
     })
     expect(projectRow).toBeInTheDocument()
     expect(
@@ -551,7 +551,36 @@ describe('ActivityPanel', () => {
     expect(screen.getByText('已删除会话')).toBeInTheDocument()
 
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '按模型' }))
-    expect(screen.getByText('gpt-5')).toBeInTheDocument()
-    expect(screen.getByText('未知模型')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(screen.getByText('直连模型 · gpt-5')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(
+      screen.getByText('直连模型 · 未知模型')
+    ).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('shows Runtime names instead of internal provider identifiers', () => {
+    const usage = makeTokenUsage()
+    usage.records.push({
+      ...usage.records[0]!,
+      requestId: 'request-harness',
+      runtime: 'deepseek-harness',
+      provider: 'goodbuddy',
+      model: 'deepseek-v4-flash'
+    })
+
+    render(
+      <ActivityPanel
+        onClear={vi.fn()}
+        onOpenConversation={vi.fn()}
+        records={[]}
+        tokenUsage={usage}
+      />
+    )
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('tab', { name: '用量统计' }))
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: '按模型' }))
+
+    expect(
+      screen.getByText('DeepSeek Harness · deepseek-v4-flash')
+    ).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(screen.queryByText('goodbuddy')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.tsx b/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.tsx
index aaad481..56d159b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/ActivityPanel.tsx
@@ -452,9 +452,18 @@ export function ActivityPanel({
   const localizeTokenRow = (
     row: (typeof tokenRows)[number]
   ): { label: string; detail?: string } => {
-    const missingModel = row.key.endsWith(':')
-    const modelProvider =
-      row.key.match(/model:([^:]*):$/u)?.[1] ?? ''
+    const modelLabel =
+      row.model || t('tokenUsage.fallbacks.unknownModel')
+    const runtimeLabel =
+      row.runtime === 'model'
+        ? t('tokenUsage.runtimes.model')
+        : row.runtime === 'opencode'
+          ? t('tokenUsage.runtimes.opencode')
+          : row.runtime === 'continue'
+            ? t('tokenUsage.runtimes.continue')
+            : row.runtime === 'deepseek-harness'
+              ? t('tokenUsage.runtimes.deepseekHarness')
+              : row.runtime || t('tokenUsage.fallbacks.unknownRuntime')
     const label =
       tokenGroup === 'project' &&
       row.key.startsWith('project:unassigned:')
@@ -462,18 +471,13 @@ export function ActivityPanel({
         : tokenGroup === 'conversation' &&
             row.key.startsWith('conversation:deleted:')
           ? t('tokenUsage.fallbacks.deletedConversation')
-          : tokenGroup === 'model' && missingModel
-            ? t('tokenUsage.fallbacks.unknownModel')
+          : tokenGroup === 'model'
+            ? `${runtimeLabel} · ${modelLabel}`
             : row.label
     const detail =
-      missingModel && tokenGroup !== 'model'
-        ? [
-            t('tokenUsage.fallbacks.unknownModel'),
-            modelProvider
-          ]
-            .filter(Boolean)
-            .join(' · ')
-        : row.detail
+      tokenGroup === 'model'
+        ? undefined
+        : `${runtimeLabel} · ${modelLabel}`
     return { label, detail }
   }
   const renderRecordCard = (
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-US/activity.ts b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-US/activity.ts
index 1f1fc6c..cc7bd1a 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-US/activity.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-US/activity.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ export const activity = {
       conversation: 'By conversation',
       model: 'By model'
     },
+    runtimes: {
+      model: 'Direct model',
+      opencode: 'OpenCode',
+      continue: 'Continue',
+      deepseekHarness: 'DeepSeek Harness'
+    },
     columns: {
       project: 'Project',
       conversation: 'Conversation',
@@ -69,7 +75,8 @@ export const activity = {
     fallbacks: {
       unassignedProject: 'Unassigned project',
       deletedConversation: 'Deleted conversation',
-      unknownModel: 'Unknown model'
+      unknownModel: 'Unknown model',
+      unknownRuntime: 'Unknown Runtime'
     }
   },
   stats: {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/activity.ts b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/activity.ts
index a6fbbd5..d9a92e8 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/activity.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-CN/activity.ts
@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@ export const activity = {
       conversation: '按会话',
       model: '按模型'
     },
+    runtimes: {
+      model: '直连模型',
+      opencode: 'OpenCode',
+      continue: 'Continue',
+      deepseekHarness: 'DeepSeek Harness'
+    },
     columns: {
       project: '项目',
       conversation: '会话',
@@ -66,7 +72,8 @@ export const activity = {
     fallbacks: {
       unassignedProject: '未归属项目',
       deletedConversation: '已删除会话',
-      unknownModel: '未知模型'
+      unknownModel: '未知模型',
+      unknownRuntime: '未知 Runtime'
     }
   },
   stats: {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/token-usage.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/token-usage.test.ts
index 04e703f..a92af1b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/token-usage.test.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/token-usage.test.ts
@@ -67,9 +67,10 @@ describe('token usage aggregation', () => {
     })
     expect(groupTokenUsage(usage, 'project')).toEqual([
       {
-        key: 'project:project-1:model:openai:gpt-5',
+        key: 'project:project-1:runtime:model:model:gpt-5',
         label: '项目一',
-        detail: 'gpt-5 · openai',
+        model: 'gpt-5',
+        runtime: 'model',
         inputTokens: 112,
         outputTokens: 23,
         cacheReadTokens: 40,
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ describe('token usage aggregation', () => {
     expect(groupTokenUsage(usage, 'model')).toEqual([
       expect.objectContaining({
         label: 'gpt-5',
-        detail: 'openai',
+        runtime: 'model',
         totalTokens: 135
       })
     ])
@@ -156,4 +157,35 @@ describe('token usage aggregation', () => {
     expect(groupTokenUsage(usage, 'project')).toHaveLength(2)
     expect(groupTokenUsage(usage, 'conversation')).toHaveLength(3)
   })
+
+  it('groups identical model names by Runtime instead of provider', () => {
+    const usage = makeTokenUsage()
+    usage.records = [
+      {
+        ...usage.records[0]!,
+        provider: 'openai',
+        runtime: 'model',
+        model: 'deepseek-v4-flash'
+      },
+      {
+        ...usage.records[1]!,
+        provider: 'goodbuddy',
+        runtime: 'deepseek-harness',
+        model: 'deepseek-v4-flash'
+      }
+    ]
+
+    expect(groupTokenUsage(usage, 'model')).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        key: 'runtime:model:model:deepseek-v4-flash',
+        label: 'deepseek-v4-flash',
+        runtime: 'model'
+      }),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        key: 'runtime:deepseek-harness:model:deepseek-v4-flash',
+        label: 'deepseek-v4-flash',
+        runtime: 'deepseek-harness'
+      })
+    ])
+  })
 })
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/token-usage.ts b/src/renderer/src/token-usage.ts
index 74d7cc4..706ea77 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/token-usage.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/token-usage.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ export type TokenUsageTotals = {
 export type TokenUsageGroupRow = TokenUsageTotals & {
   key: string
   label: string
-  detail?: string
+  model: string
+  runtime: string
 }
 
 type TokenUsageRecord = TokenUsageSummary['records'][number]
@@ -69,25 +70,20 @@ function usageNumbers(
 function groupIdentity(
   record: TokenUsageRecord,
   group: TokenUsageGroup
-): Pick<TokenUsageGroupRow, 'key' | 'label' | 'detail'> {
+): Pick<TokenUsageGroupRow, 'key' | 'label' | 'model' | 'runtime'> {
   const model = record.model.trim()
-  const provider = record.provider.trim()
-  const modelKey = `${provider}:${model}`
-  const modelLabel = model
-  const modelDetail = provider
-    ? modelLabel
-      ? `${modelLabel} · ${provider}`
-      : provider
-    : modelLabel
+  const runtime = record.runtime.trim()
+  const runtimeModelKey = `runtime:${runtime}:model:${model}`
 
   if (group === 'project') {
     const projectKey = record.projectId
       ? `project:${record.projectId}`
       : 'project:unassigned'
     return {
-      key: `${projectKey}:model:${modelKey}`,
+      key: `${projectKey}:${runtimeModelKey}`,
       label: record.projectName?.trim() || '',
-      detail: modelDetail
+      model,
+      runtime
     }
   }
 
@@ -96,16 +92,18 @@ function groupIdentity(
       ? `conversation:${record.conversationId}`
       : 'conversation:deleted'
     return {
-      key: `${conversationKey}:model:${modelKey}`,
+      key: `${conversationKey}:${runtimeModelKey}`,
       label: record.conversationTitle?.trim() || '',
-      detail: modelDetail
+      model,
+      runtime
     }
   }
 
   return {
-    key: `model:${modelKey}`,
-    label: modelLabel,
-    detail: provider || undefined
+    key: runtimeModelKey,
+    label: model,
+    model,
+    runtime
   }
 }